Final · 5 setsFri, Sep 25, 2026Watch on ESPN+

Green Bay def. Oakland 3–2

Green Bay beat visiting Oakland 3-2 (25-21, 22-25, 25-27, 25-19, 23-21) on Fri, Sep 25, 2026. Green Bay's Gillian Koning led with 20 kills, and Kendall Schara added 17 digs.

Data through · final Sep 25

Set12345Sets
OAK21252719212
GRNBAY25222525233

Win probability

Green Bay above 50 · Oakland below
SET 1SET 2SET 3SET 4SET 510050100+28.4% GRNBAYrally 233 · set 5

Biggest swing: 28.4% to Green Bay — set 5, OAK 14-14 GRNBAY. Green Bay ace on Kalliann Cook. GRNBAY win probability 23% → 51%.

Pre-match

Season fit · includes this match

OAK 27.9%72.1% GRNBAY

Oakland wins

3-0
5.1%
3-1
9.7%
3-2
13.0%

Green Bay wins

3-0
24.8%
3-1
27.6%
3-2
19.7%
OAK break %
40.2% vs this opp
GRNBAY break %
44.6% vs this opp

Exact Markov model on each team's RallyIQ serve and receive strength, adjusted for schedule and applied to this matchup (D1 average break % 42.5%). Ratings use the whole season, including this match. Gold = actual result.

Top plays

Largest win-probability swings

  1. 01
    Green BayAce+28.4%

    Green Bay ace on Kalliann Cook

    Set 5 · OAK 14-14 GRNBAY · GRNBAY 23% → 51%

  2. 02
    Kayla BirminghamAttack error+27.7%

    Attack error by Kayla Birmingham

    Set 5 · OAK 17-16 GRNBAY · OAK 42% → 69%

  3. 03
    Kayla BirminghamAttack error+27.7%

    Attack error by Kayla Birmingham

    Set 5 · OAK 20-19 GRNBAY · OAK 42% → 69%

  4. 04
    Olivia NeumannKill+25.6%

    Kill by Olivia Neumann

    Set 5 · OAK 14-15 GRNBAY · GRNBAY 51% → 77%

  5. 05
    Liv HosfordAttack error+25.6%

    Attack error by Liv Hosford

    Set 5 · OAK 18-19 GRNBAY · GRNBAY 51% → 77%

  6. 06
    Green BayAce+25.6%

    Green Bay ace on Kalliann Cook

    Set 5 · OAK 20-21 GRNBAY · GRNBAY 51% → 77%

  7. 07
    Ella SchomerAttack error+23.0%

    Attack error by Ella Schomer

    Set 5 · OAK 21-23 GRNBAY · GRNBAY 77% → 100%

  8. 08
    Kirsten FishKill+20.6%

    Kill by Kirsten Fish (set by Alexa Hernandez)

    Set 5 · OAK 17-17 GRNBAY · GRNBAY 31% → 51%

Box score

Official NCAA box

PlayerSKETAHit%ASTSASEDIGREBSBABLKPTS
516829.27610010132.518.5
512843.09304213200016
511842.07102012002114
512439.20510050031.513.5
51113.00050101900002
22210.00010110010.52.5
5001.0002012820000
5000–1031510000
3329.111000100214
3001.000002000000
Team totals5733187.12856799561116.5113
PlayerSKETAHit%ASTSASEDIGREBSBABLKPTS
518243.3721245002121
515433.3330006004217
56322.13600030073.59.5
54112.2505414130031.56.5
5000–0221710002
23413-.077011330004
520651.2751005012222
5000–4021510000
5000–5031200000
46727-.0370021210006
1000–000100000
Team totals7227201.2246561892711810120

Starters listed first. BLK is the NCAA total: a solo counts 1, a block assist ½. Recaps and press releases usually quote solos + assists instead, so the same night can be reported as a bigger, whole number. The box score is the source for every counting stat on this page.

Oakland vs Green Bay

Season series · Green Bay leads 2-0

Momentum

Point differential by rally

Longest run 4 OAK · GRNBAY 7

Set 1

21-25

Longest run 4 OAKGRNBAY 7

Set 2

25-22

Longest run 4 OAKGRNBAY 4

Set 3

27-25

Longest run 3 OAKGRNBAY 4

Set 4

19-25

Longest run 3 OAKGRNBAY 4

Set 5

21-23

Longest run 3 OAKGRNBAY 3

Bars above the line = Green Bay leads, below = Oakland leads. Bright bars are points inside a run of 3+.

Rotations

Sideout and break % by rotation slot

Oakland

SlotSideout %Break %
1
65%13/20
43%9/21
2
60%12/20
35%7/20
3
46%11/24
20%3/15
4
65%11/17
52%12/23
5
50%11/22
27%4/15
6
63%10/16
50%10/20
All
57%68/119
39%45/114

Green Bay

SlotSideout %Break %
1
74%14/19
35%6/17
2
65%13/20
41%9/22
3
52%11/21
27%4/15
4
73%11/15
52%12/23
5
61%11/18
48%10/21
6
43%9/21
48%10/21
All
61%69/114
43%51/119

Slot = rotations since the start of the set (slot 1 is the lineup a team opened the set in), not a fixed player alignment. Only clean sets count (5 of 5 here): sets where the NCAA play-by-play has gaps or score corrections are left out because the rotation can't be tracked through them.

Rally log

233 rallies

#OAK-GRNBAYSrvPointEndPlayerSetter / blockers / passerWP Δ
Set 1
10-1OAKGRNBAY×3KillKelsey Justmanset Alexa Hernandez+1.5
20-2GRNBAYGRNBAY×3Attack errMolly Reck+1.9
30-3GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillKirsten Fishset Delaney Stern+1.8
41-3GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+1.3
51-4OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+1.3
62-4GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+1.3
72-5OAKGRNBAY×7KillKelsey Justmanset Alexa Hernandez+1.3
82-6GRNBAYGRNBAY×7Attack errLillian Frias+1.6
92-7GRNBAYGRNBAY×7Attack errLillian Frias+1.4
102-8GRNBAYGRNBAY×7Attack errMolly Reck+1.1
112-9GRNBAYGRNBAY×7AceGreen Bayaced Kiley Gallagher+0.9
122-10GRNBAYGRNBAY×7Attack errMolly Reck+0.7
132-11GRNBAYGRNBAY×7KillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+0.5
143-11GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+0.3
154-11OAKOAKAceOaklandaced Kelsey Justman+0.5
164-12OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Diane Pichelman+0.5
174-13GRNBAYGRNBAYAceGreen Bayaced Molly Reck+0.4
185-13GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+0.2
195-14OAKGRNBAYKillAlexa Hernandezset Kennedy Schmitz+0.3
205-15GRNBAYGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+0.3
216-15GRNBAYOAK×4BlockedKirsten Fishblk Ellen Zapp, Liv Hosford+0.1
227-15OAKOAK×4KillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern+0.2
238-15OAKOAK×4Attack errOlivia Neumann+0.4
249-15OAKOAK×4KillLiv Hosfordset Kalliann Cook+0.6
259-16OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+0.6
2610-16GRNBAYOAKAttack errKelsey Justman+0.4
2710-17OAKGRNBAYAttack errElla Schomer+0.5
2811-17GRNBAYOAKKillEllen Zappset Delaney Stern+0.4
2912-17OAKOAKKillMolly Reckset Ellen Zapp+0.8
3012-18OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+0.8
3113-18GRNBAYOAKAttack errKelsey Justman+0.5
3213-19OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+0.7
3314-19GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+0.5
3414-20OAKGRNBAYAttack errDelaney Stern+0.7
3514-21GRNBAYGRNBAYBlockedLiv Hosfordblk Alexa Hernandez, Olivia Neumann+0.5
3615-21GRNBAYOAKAttack errGillian Koning+0.2
3715-22OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Macy Kline+0.3
3815-23GRNBAYGRNBAYBlockedEllen Zappblk Gillian Koning+0.2
3916-23GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay·
4017-23OAKOAKAceOaklandaced Kelsey Justman+0.1
4117-24OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+0.1
4218-24GRNBAYOAK×4KillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern·
4319-24OAKOAK×4Attack errOlivia Neumann+0.1
4420-24OAKOAK×4AceOakland+0.2
4521-24OAKOAK×4KillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+0.5
4621-25OAKGRNBAYKillOlivia Neumannset Alexa Hernandez+0.9
Set 2
10-1GRNBAYGRNBAY×3AceGreen Bay+1.6
20-2GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+1.5
30-3GRNBAYGRNBAY×3BlockedMolly Reckblk Kirsten Fish, Olivia Neumann+1.4
41-3GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+1.0
52-3OAKOAKBlockedKelsey Justmanblk Ella Schomer, Lillian Frias+1.6
62-4OAKGRNBAY×4KillKelsey Justmanset Macy Kline+1.2
72-5GRNBAYGRNBAY×4Attack errLillian Frias+1.5
82-6GRNBAYGRNBAY×4KillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+1.3
92-7GRNBAYGRNBAY×4KillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+1.1
103-7GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+0.7
113-8OAKGRNBAYAttack errLillian Frias+0.8
124-8GRNBAYOAK×4KillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+0.7
135-8OAKOAK×4AceOaklandaced Kendall Schara+1.2
146-8OAKOAK×4Attack errDiane Pichelman+1.5
157-8OAKOAK×4KillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+1.8
167-9OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+1.3
178-9GRNBAYOAKKillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern+1.4
188-10OAKGRNBAY×3KillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+1.4
198-11GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillAlexa Hernandezset Gillian Koning+1.7
208-12GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillOlivia Neumannset Alexa Hernandez+1.5
219-12GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+1.0
229-13OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+1.1
2310-13GRNBAYOAK×4Bad setMacy Kline+1.0
2411-13OAKOAK×4AceOaklandaced Kelsey Justman+1.7
2512-13OAKOAK×4KillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+2.0
2613-13OAKOAK×4KillEllen Zappset Delaney Stern+2.4
2713-14OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Olivia Neumann+1.8
2814-14GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+1.9
2914-15OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Ellen Zapp+1.9
3015-15GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+2.0
3116-15OAKOAKAttack errKelsey Justman+2.9
3216-16OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+2.1
3317-16GRNBAYOAK×4Serve errGreen Bay+2.3
3418-16OAKOAK×4KillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+3.3
3519-16OAKOAK×4KillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern+3.1
3620-16OAKOAK×4KillDelaney Sternset Alexa Hernandez+2.6
3720-17OAKGRNBAYAttack errMolly Reck+1.3
3821-17GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+2.0
3921-18OAKGRNBAY×3KillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+1.2
4021-19GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillGillian Koningset Kennedy Schmitz+2.5
4121-20GRNBAYGRNBAY×3BlockedEllen Zappblk Gillian Koning, Olivia Neumann+3.4
4222-20GRNBAYOAKKillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern+3.4
4322-21OAKGRNBAYKillAlexa Hernandezset Kennedy Schmitz+2.6
4422-22GRNBAYGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Liv Hosford+4.8
4523-22GRNBAYOAK×3Serve errGreen Bay+4.4
4624-22OAKOAK×3Attack errKirsten Fish+6.1
4725-22OAKOAK×3KillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+3.7
Set 3
10-1OAKGRNBAYAttack errLiv Hosford+2.1
21-1GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+2.2
31-2OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+2.1
42-2GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+2.3
53-2OAKOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+3.3
63-3OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+2.3
73-4GRNBAYGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+3.1
84-4GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+2.4
94-5OAKGRNBAY×4KillKayla Birminghamset Alexa Hernandez+2.3
104-6GRNBAYGRNBAY×4BlockedLiv Hosfordblk Olivia Neumann, Alexa Hernandez+3.0
114-7GRNBAYGRNBAY×4Attack errLillian Frias+2.7
124-8GRNBAYGRNBAY×4Attack errMolly Reck+2.4
135-8GRNBAYOAK×3KillLiv Hosfordset Kiley Gallagher+1.6
146-8OAKOAK×3Attack errGillian Koning+2.6
157-8OAKOAK×3Attack errGillian Koning+3.1
167-9OAKGRNBAY×3Serve errOakland+2.4
177-10GRNBAYGRNBAY×3Attack errLiv Hosford+3.0
187-11GRNBAYGRNBAY×3AceGreen Bayaced Molly Reck+2.6
198-11GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+1.7
209-11OAKOAKKillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern+2.8
219-12OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+2.3
2210-12GRNBAYOAKKillGrace Cooneyset Delaney Stern+2.2
2310-13OAKGRNBAYBlockedMolly Reckblk Olivia Neumann, Kirsten Fish+2.3
2411-13GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+2.2
2512-13OAKOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+3.6
2612-14OAKGRNBAYBlockedMolly Reckblk Diane Pichelman, Kirsten Fish+2.8
2713-14GRNBAYOAKBad setKayla Birmingham+2.8
2814-14OAKOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+4.4
2914-15OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+3.3
3015-15GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+3.5
3115-16OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+3.5
3216-16GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+3.6
3316-17OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+3.7
3417-17GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+3.8
3518-17OAKOAKAttack errGillian Koning+5.9
3618-18OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+4.1
3718-19GRNBAYGRNBAYBlockedLiv Hosfordblk Kirsten Fish, Olivia Neumann+5.9
3819-19GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+4.4
3919-20OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+4.7
4020-20GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Lillian Frias+4.8
4121-20OAKOAKBlockedKayla Birminghamblk Ella Schomer, Lillian Frias+7.7
4221-21OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+5.4
4322-21GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+6.5
4422-22OAKGRNBAYKillKayla Birminghamset Alexa Hernandez+6.1
4522-23GRNBAYGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Macy Kline+9.6
4623-23GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+6.9
4724-23OAKOAKAceOaklandaced Kennedy Schmitz+13.2
4824-24OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+9.8
4925-24GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+9.8
5025-25OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+9.8
5126-25GRNBAYOAKBad setOlivia Neumann+9.8
5227-25OAKOAKBlockedKirsten Fishblk Grace Cooney, Liv Hosford+14.6
Set 4
11-0GRNBAYOAKAttack errAlexa Hernandez+2.9
21-1OAKGRNBAY×4KillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+2.8
31-2GRNBAYGRNBAY×4KillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+3.7
41-3GRNBAYGRNBAY×4KillKayla Birminghamset Alexa Hernandez+3.5
51-4GRNBAYGRNBAY×4Attack errElla Schomer+3.2
62-4GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+2.3
72-5OAKGRNBAYKillOlivia Neumannset Alexa Hernandez+2.4
82-6GRNBAYGRNBAYAttack errLillian Frias+2.9
93-6GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+2.0
103-7OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+2.2
114-7GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+2.0
124-8OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+2.2
134-9GRNBAYGRNBAYKillKayla Birminghamset Macy Kline+2.6
145-9GRNBAYOAK×3Serve errGreen Bay+1.7
156-9OAKOAK×3Attack errKayla Birmingham+2.8
167-9OAKOAK×3KillLiv Hosfordset Kalliann Cook+3.4
177-10OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+2.7
187-11GRNBAYGRNBAYAttack errGrace Cooney+3.2
198-11GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+2.1
208-12OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+2.4
218-13GRNBAYGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+2.7
229-13GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+1.6
239-14OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+2.0
2410-14GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+1.6
2510-15OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+2.0
2610-16GRNBAYGRNBAYKillOlivia Neumann+2.0
2711-16GRNBAYOAK×3KillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+1.1
2812-16OAKOAK×3AceOaklandaced Kayla Birmingham+2.1
2913-16OAKOAK×3KillLiv Hosfordset Delaney Stern+3.0
3013-17OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+2.7
3113-18GRNBAYGRNBAYKillKayla Birminghamset Macy Kline+2.7
3214-18GRNBAYOAKAttack errOlivia Neumann+1.5
3314-19OAKGRNBAYServe errOakland+2.0
3415-19GRNBAYOAKKillGrace Cooneyset Delaney Stern+1.4
3516-19OAKOAKAttack errKayla Birmingham+2.8
3616-20OAKGRNBAY×3KillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+2.8
3716-21GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+2.5
3816-22GRNBAYGRNBAY×3Attack errElla Schomer+1.4
3917-22GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+0.5
4017-23OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+0.8
4118-23GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+0.3
4218-24OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+0.6
4319-24GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+0.1
4419-25OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+1.4
Set 5
10-1OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+5.9
21-1GRNBAYOAK×3KillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+6.1
32-1OAKOAK×3KillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+9.1
43-1OAKOAK×3KillGrace Cooneyset Delaney Stern+9.5
53-2OAKGRNBAYBlockedGrace Cooneyblk Gillian Koning, Olivia Neumann+6.4
63-3GRNBAYGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+9.2
74-3GRNBAYOAKAttack errKirsten Fish+7.4
84-4OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+7.0
94-5GRNBAYGRNBAYKillOlivia Neumann+9.6
105-5GRNBAYOAK×3BlockedKayla Birminghamblk Ella Schomer, Lillian Frias+7.3
116-5OAKOAK×3KillLiv Hosfordset Ella Schomer+10.9
127-5OAKOAK×3KillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+11.5
137-6OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+7.4
148-6GRNBAYOAKKillMolly Reckset Delaney Stern+9.1
159-6OAKOAKBlockedDiane Pichelmanblk Lillian Frias+11.6
169-7OAKGRNBAY×3Serve errOakland+6.6
179-8GRNBAYGRNBAY×3Attack errLillian Frias+11.2
189-9GRNBAYGRNBAY×3BlockedLiv Hosfordblk Diane Pichelman, Alexa Hernandez+12.9
1910-9GRNBAYOAKKillLillian Friasset Delaney Stern+10.9
2010-10OAKGRNBAYKillKayla Birminghamset Alexa Hernandez+10.2
2111-10GRNBAYOAKBad setGillian Koning+12.1
2211-11OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+11.3
2312-11GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+13.8
2413-11OAKOAKBlockedGillian Koningblk Ella Schomer, Grace Cooney+19.1
2513-12OAKGRNBAYKillAlexa Hernandezset Kennedy Schmitz+9.8
2614-12GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+16.8
2714-13OAKGRNBAY×3KillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+9.2
2814-14GRNBAYGRNBAY×3AceGreen Bayaced Kalliann Cook+28.4
2914-15GRNBAYGRNBAY×3KillOlivia Neumann+25.6
3015-15GRNBAYOAKKillElla Schomerset Delaney Stern+18.6
3115-16OAKGRNBAYAttack errLillian Frias+18.6
3216-16GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+18.6
3317-16OAKOAKAttack errKayla Birmingham+27.7
3417-17OAKGRNBAYKillKirsten Fishset Alexa Hernandez+20.6
3518-17GRNBAYOAKAttack errKayla Birmingham+20.6
3618-18OAKGRNBAYKillDiane Pichelmanset Alexa Hernandez+20.6
3718-19GRNBAYGRNBAYAttack errLiv Hosford+25.6
3819-19GRNBAYOAKAttack errGillian Koning+18.6
3920-19OAKOAKAttack errKayla Birmingham+27.7
4020-20OAKGRNBAYAttack errLiv Hosford+20.6
4120-21GRNBAYGRNBAYAceGreen Bayaced Kalliann Cook+25.6
4221-21GRNBAYOAKServe errGreen Bay+18.6
4321-22OAKGRNBAYKillGillian Koningset Alexa Hernandez+18.6
4421-23GRNBAYGRNBAYAttack errElla Schomer+23.0

Score shown after each rally, Oakland first. WP Δ = match win-probability points gained, colored by the team that gained them.“NCAA feed gap” rows mark points the NCAA play-by-play never logged (tap Why? for details).